Unlike her father and brothers, who, when they testified, were photographed by news photographers at the defense counsel table alongside their lawyers before taking the stand, Ivanka Trump appears to have avoided her courtroom photo opportunity.

While her father and brothers are defendants in the case, Ivanka Trump is a third-party witness. No photographers were allowed in the courtroom this morning.

"The people call Ivanka Trump," state attorney Louis Solomon said.

"Who's she?" Judge Arthur Engoron responded jokingly.

After a few awkward minutes of waiting, Ivanka Trump entered the courtroom, walked toward the judge, and took her place in the courtroom's witness box. She did not address or make eye contact with Letitia James as she passed the New York attorney general.

"Do you solemnly swear or affirm that any testimony you give will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth?" a court officer asked her.

"I do," she responded with her right hand raised.

Speaking to reporters outside court this morning, New York Attorney General Letitia James said that today's testimony will demonstrate that Ivanka Trump personally benefited from the fraud that a judge has ruled her family committed.

"We uncovered the scheme and she benefited from it personally," James told reporters. "And Ms. Trump will do all that she can to try to separate herself from his corporation, but she is inextricably tied to the Trump Organization and to these properties that she helped secure financing for."

James has taken a seat in the front row of the courtroom's gallery, feet from her team of lawyers at the state's counsel table.

Louis Solomon, the chief of the New York attorney general's real estate finance division, is expected to lead the questioning of Ivanka Trump.

Solomon led Ivanka's Trump deposition in August 2022, where she denied being involved in her father's financial statements that are at the center of the case.

Earlier in the trial, Solomon led a contentious direct examination of former Trump Organization CFO Allen Weisselberg, who frequently struggled to answer questions about who was responsible for various financial decisions at the company.

Solomon has frequently sparred with Donald Trump's lawyers during the trial, including a heated exchange after multiple members of the state team tested positive for COVID-19 during the proceedings.

"Everything in this courtroom concerns me and my client, including your health," defense lawyer Chris Kise said.

"Thanks for your concern," Solomon responded offhandedly.

The second day of testimony from the defense's expert accounting witness prompted an argument between attorneys for the two sides over the basic question of what the case is about -- leading defense lawyers to make their fourth unsuccessful request for a directed verdict to end the trial.

The arguments came toward the end of direct testimony by accounting expert defense Eli Bartov, who asserted the New York attorney general's case lacked merit because there was no evidence of any fraud on Trump's statements of financial condition, and that any errors about the values of Trump's properties were unintentional and therefore immaterial.

When the defense attempted to question Bartov about those values, state attorneys objected -- prompting defense attorney Christopher Kise to leap from his seat.

"If they don't call anyone to dispute our values, how have they proven their case?" Kise said.

Judge Arthur Engoron, in a pretrial ruling, already decided that Trump conducted a decade's worth of business using fraudulent financial statements, and state attorney Kevin Wallace suggested that Bartov's findings do not change those findings.

"You can't use false statements in business. That's what the summary judgment decision is all about. I think it is pretty much what the rest of this case is about," Engoron said in response to Kise's question.

Kise argued that if the attorney general doesn't prove what Trump's asset values should have been, the case is a "completely rudderless ship" that needs to be "moored to some sort of standard."

"You can't just say it's a misstatement because you feel like it," Kise argued.

"The standard is truth," Engoron responded.

The exchange prompted Trump's legal spokesperson, Alina Habba, to make the defense's fourth motion for a directed verdict, arguing that Engoron is "wasting our time" if he won't consider their expert testimony.

"They have not proven their case. They haven't," Habba said in her request for a directed verdict.

"Denied," Engoron said within seconds of the request, without hearing a response from lawyers for the New York attorney general.