Four were in the Gulf of Oman and one near Kharg Island, CENTCOM said.
President Donald Trump announced "major combat operations" against Iran on Feb. 28, with massive joint U.S.-Israeli strikes targeting military, government and infrastructure sites.
Delegations from the U.S. and Iran entered negotiations in June aimed at a war-ending deal based on a memorandum of understanding signed by both countries.
The U.S. and Iran have nonetheless continued to exchange strikes, with the strategic Strait of Hormuz as the primary flashpoint. Trump said in August that the U.S. would launch a "crushing economic operation" to force Tehran into submission.
In response to U.S. strikes on Iranian oil tankers, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps claimed to have fired at U.S.-related targets in Jordan.
The targets included a hangar for fighter jets at the Al-Azraq base, it said.
U.S. Central Command said its forces destroyed five Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps oil tankers on Tuesday in response to the targeting of a U.S. Navy warship.
Four of the tankers were in the Gulf of Oman, while one was near Kharg Island, CENTCOM said.
"American forces directed the crews to abandon ship before the vessels were struck and rendered inoperable," CENTCOM said.
The targeted U.S. Navy warship evaded Iranian missile attacks and no American forces were harmed, according to CENTCOM.
U.S. forces "struck multiple Iranian tankers tied to the IRGC in response to more attempted missile attacks on a U.S. Navy warship," a U.S. official confirmed to ABC News.
-ABC News' Luis Martinez and Steve Beynon
An additional 30 troops have been wounded in the war with Iran, according to the Pentagon's casualty database.
As of Tuesday, 820 U.S. troops have been wounded and 18 have been killed.
-ABC News' Steve Beynon
